Factors Influencing the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Flood-prone and Non-flood-prone Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria
Nnenna Ali Emordi *
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Elizabeth Amini Okankwu
Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Nutritional status during pregnancy is relevant to maternal health, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) offers a practical assessment measure. This study examined factors associated with MUAC-based nutritional status among pregnant women attending primary healthcare facilities in selected flood-prone and non-flood-prone communities in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in four local government areas. Multistage sampling was used, with a target of 400 pregnant women; 368 completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 92%. Data were obtained using a researcher-developed questionnaire, MUAC measurements and haemoglobin assessments. Questionnaire reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
Results: Of the 368 participants, 187 were categorized as having adequate MUAC-based nutritional status and 181 as having inadequate status according to the categories reported in the results table. Nutritional status was associated with haemoglobin level (p = 0.002), education (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.026) and pregnancy trimester (p = 0.036). Patterns also differed by family income. Participants with mild anaemia and those in their third trimester accounted for substantial proportions of the inadequate nutritional status group.
Conclusion: Maternal nutritional status was associated with selected biological and socioeconomic characteristics. Regular antenatal haemoglobin assessment and nutrition support responsive to educational and economic circumstances may help address the identified needs.
Keywords: Nutritional status, mid-upper arm circumference, pregnant women, flood prone, non-flood prone